GoogleTest初探(1)

2019-04-25 06:49:55来源:博客园 阅读 ()

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此篇主要了解一下GoogleTest中的断言。

总的来说,GoogleTest中的断言分为两大类:EXPECT_*和ASSERT_*,这两者在测试成功或失败后均会给出测试报告,区别是前者在测试失败后会继续执行下面的测试,而后者在测试失败后会立即终止测试。

 GoogleTest中的比较断言,涉及整型,字符串, 浮点型,布尔型的比较判断

Fatal assertion Nonfatal assertion Verifies
ASSERT_TRUE(condition) EXPECT_TRUE(condition) condition == true
ASSERT_TRUE(condition) EXPECT_FALSE(condition) condition == false
ASSERT_EQ(expected, actual) EXPECT_EQ(expected, actual) expected == actual
ASSERT_NE(val1, val2) EXPECT_NE(val1, val2) val1 != val2
ASSERT_LE(val1, val2) EXPECT_LE(val1, val2) val1 <= val2
ASSERT_LT(val1, val2) EXPECT_LT(val1, val2) val1 < val2
ASSERT_GE(val1, val2) EXPECT_GE(val1, val2) val1 >= val2
ASSERT_GT(val1, val2) EXPECT_GT(val1, val2) val1 > val2
ASSERT_STREQ(expected, actual) EXPECT_STREQ(expected, actual) (C-string) expected == actual
ASSERT_STRNE(s1, s2) EXPECT_STRNE(s1, s2) (C-string) s1 != s2
ASSERT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) EXPECT_STRCASEEQ(s1, s2) (C-string) s1 == s2  ignoring case
ASSERT_STRCASENE(s1, s2) EXPECT_STRCASENE(s1, s2) (C-string) s1 != s2  ignoring case
ASSERT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual) EXPECT_FLOAT_EQ(expected, actual) (float) expected == actual
ASSERT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual) EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(expected, actual) (double) expected == actual
ASSERT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error) EXPECT_NEAR(val1, val2, abs_error) abs(val1-val2) <= abs_error

 

异常断言:

Fatal assertion Nonfatal assertion Verifies
ASSERT_THROW(statement, exception_type); EXPECT_THROW(statement, exception_type); statement throws an exception of the given type
ASSERT_ANY_THROW(statement); EXPECT_ANY_THROW(statement); statement throws an exception of any type
ASSERT_NO_THROW(statement); EXPECT_NO_THROW(statement); statement doesn't throw any exception

 

几个特殊的断言(可用于流程控制)

SUCCEED() 一个成功断言
FAIL() 一个失败断言(fatal failure)
ADD_FAILURE() 一个失败断言(nonefatal failure)
ADD_FAILURE_AT(file, line) 在给定的文件的给定行数生成一个失败断言(nonefatal failure)

 

对于一些待测试的,返回值为bool变量的函数,可以使用以下的断言(n代表参数个数):

Fatal assertion Nonfatal assertion Verifies
ASSERT_PREDn(predn, val1,...); EXPECT_PREDn(predn, val1,...); predn(val1,...) is true

另外,可以对测试函数进行一个包装,使用以下断言来判断包装好的函数:

Fatal assertion Nonefatal assertion Verifies
ASSERT_PRED_FORMATn(pred_formatn, val1, ...); EXPECT_PRED_FORMATn(pred_formatn, val1, ...); pred_formatn(val1, ...) is successful

要求pred_formatn的返回值是AssertionResult, 例子如下:

// Returns true if m and n have no common divisors except 1.
bool MutuallyPrime(int m, int n) { ... }

// Returns the smallest prime common divisor of m and n,
// or 1 when m and n are mutually prime.
int SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(int m, int n) { ... }

// A predicate-formatter for asserting that two integers are mutually prime.
::testing::AssertionResult AssertMutuallyPrime(const char* m_expr,
                                               const char* n_expr,
                                               int m,
                                               int n) 
{
  if (MutuallyPrime(m, n)) return ::testing::AssertionSuccess();

  return ::testing::AssertionFailure() << m_expr << " and " << n_expr
      << " (" << m << " and " << n << ") are not mutually prime, "
      << "as they have a common divisor " << SmallestPrimeCommonDivisor(m, n);
}

使用一个AssertMutuallyPrime函数来包装一下待测试函数MutuallyPrime。此时再使用断言:

EXPECT_PRED_FORMAT2(AssertMutuallyPrime, b, c);

如果失败,则会打印出失败信息

b and c (4 and 10) are not mutually prime, as they have a common divisor 2.

还有类型断言:

::testing::StaticAssertTypeEq<T1, T2>();

使用这个函数可以判断T1和T2类型是否一致

最后,可以使用gmock中的各种matchers来进行断言:

Fatal assertion Nonfatal assertion Verifies
ASSERT_THAT(value, matcher); EXPECT_THAT(value, matcher); value matches matcher

matchers 见gmock 的介绍

参考链接:https://github.com/google/googletest/blob/master/googletest/docs/advanced.md


原文链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/duan-shui-liu/p/10751343.html
如有疑问请与原作者联系

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