Getting Started with Linux-HA (heartbeat)
Intro
Let me preface this document by saying most of this is _not_ original work. My purpose for writing this document is just trying to contribute in some way to possibly help those who REALLY get things done. The "work" I am contributing is mostly compiling bits and pieces from other HA documents (such as Volker Wiegand's Hardware Installation Guide) into a document that can help novices get started on HA without pestering Alan (like I did!) and to cut down on repeat questions on the mailing list.Getting Started
The first thing you'll need is two computers. You need not have identical hardware in both machines (or amount of memory, etc.), but if you did, it would make your life that much easier when a component fails.Now you have to decide on some of your implementation. Your "cluster" is established via a "heartbeat" between the two computers (nodes) generated by the software package of the same name. However, this heartbeat needs one or more media paths (serial via a null modem cable, ethernet via a crossover cable, etc.) between the nodes.
At this point, you're actually ready to begin hardware-wise. Of course, since you're looking into HA, you'll mostly likely want to avoid having only one point of failure. In this case, that would be your null modem cable/serial port or network interface card(NIC)/crossover cable. So, you need to decide whether you wish to add a second serial/null modem connection or a second network interface card (NIC)/crossover connnection to each node. See Appendix A for instructions on how to build a Cat-5 crossover cable. My heartbeat path setup uses one serial port and one extra NIC because I only had one null modem cable, had an extra of NIC on hand and thought it was good to have two medium types for the heartbeats.
Once your hardware is in order, you must install your OS and configure your networking (I used Red Hat). Assuming you have 2 NICs, one should be configured for your "normal" network and the other as a private network between your clustered nodes (via the crossover cable). For an example, we will assume that our cluster will have the following addresses:
Node 1 (linuxha1): 192.168.85.1 (normal 192x net)
10.0.0.1 (private 10x net for heartbeat)
Node 2 (linuxha2): 192.168.85.2 (192x)
10.0.0.2 (10x)
Note: None of these addresses should be
your "cluster address" - the address handled by heartbeat and failed
over between nodes!
Most *nix distributions this easy during installation, however, if you are having any problems, refer to either the Ethernet HOWTO, or the documentation for your distribution. To check your configuration, type:
ifconfig
This will show your network interfaces and their configuration. You can obtain your network routing information from "netstat -nr".
If it looks good, make sure you can ping between both nodes on all interfaces.
Next, if you're using one, you'll need to test your serial
connection. On one node, which will be the receiver, type:
cat
</dev/ttyS0
On the other node, type,:
echo
hello >/dev/ttyS0
You should see the text on the receiver node. If it works, change their roles and try again. If it doesn't, it may be as simple as having the wrong device file. Volker's HA Hardware Guide and the Serial HOWTO are two good resources for troubleshooting your serial connection.
Installing Heartbeat.
You can now install the heartbeat package. If you're reading this, you already have it, but in any case it's available at:http://linux-ha.org/download
There are binary RPMs at the website, or you can build heartbeat from source. Grab the tarball (or install the source RPM). Untar it into your favorite source directory. From the top of the source tree, type "./ConfigureMe configure", followed by "make" and "make install". If you have problems installing the RPMs found at the website and want a way to make your own, there may be help in the FAQ.
Configuring Heartbeat
Configuring ha.cfThere are three files you will need to configure before starting up heartbeat. First, is ha.cf. This will be placed in the /etc/ha.d directory that is created after installation. It tells heartbeat what types of media paths to use and how to configure them. The ha.cf in the source directory contains all the various options you can use, I'll go through it line by line...
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