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试验环境primary server:
windows2000 server + oracle 10.0.1.0.2
oracle_sid:dgtest
oracle_home: d:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1standby server:
windows xp pro + oracle 10.0.1.0.2oracle_sid:dgtestoracle_home: d:\oracle\product\10.1.0\db_1
配置步骤首先，装好primary和standby上的oracle，建sid同为dgtest的库，所有设置完全相同。然后停止shutdown两台上的oracle，将primary上的所有数据文件，控制文件，redo文件和password文件都copy到standby机器的相应位置。（还可以利用热备，rman等来建立初始standby库），这样，我们就拥有了两台完全一样的oracle server
1. 在primary database上设置force loggingsql>alter database force logging;
2. 修改primary databse的初始化参数db_unique_name=’primary’control_files=d:\oracle\product\oradata\control01.ctl,d:\oracle\product\oradata\control02.ctl,d:\oracle\product\oradata\control03.ctllog_archive_dest_1= location= d:\oracle\product\arch’log_archive_dest_2= service=standbylog_archive_dest_state_1=enablelog_archive_dest_state_2=enableremote_login_passwordfile=exclusivelog_archive_format=arc%s%t%r.arcfal_server=standbyfal_client=primarystandby_file_management=autolock_name_space —-这是当主数据库和备用数据在同一台机上时要设该参数，设为备用数据库的sid
3. 设置primary database为archivelog模式sql>shutdown immediate;sql>startup mount;sql>alter database archivelog;sql>alter database open:
4. 在primary database上创建standby database的控制文件sql>shutdown immedaite;sql>startup mount;sql>alter database create standby controlfile as ‘d:\oracle\product\oradata\controlstandby.ctl’sql>alter database open;然后将该controlfile复制到standby server的对应位置
5. 修改standby databse的初始化参数db_unique_name=’standby’control_files=d:\oracle\product\oradata\controlstandby.ctllog_archive_dest_1= location= d:\oracle\product\arch’log_archive_dest_2= service=primarylog_archive_dest_state_1=enablelog_archive_dest_state_2=enablestandby_archive_dest=’ d:\oracle\product\arch’
remote_login_passwordfile=exclusivefal_server=primaryfal_client=standbystandby_file_management=autodb_file_name_convert —-当primary和standby的数据文件路径不一致时使用log_file_name_convert —-当primary和standby的数据文件路径不一致时使用lock_name_space —-当主数据库和备用数据在同一台机上时设为备用数据库的sid
具体参数的说明请参考oracle在线文档
6. 设置primary database和standby database的tnsnames.oraprimary = (description = (address_list = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = primary_server)(port = 1521)) ) (connect_data = (service_name = dgtest) ) )standby = (description = (address_list = (address = (protocol = tcp)(host = standby_server)(port = 1521)) ) (connect_data = (service_name = dgtest) ) )
7. 启动standby database sql>startup nomount pfile=’d:\oracle\product\initdgtest.ora’sql>alter database mount standby database;
8. 启动primary databasesql>startup pfile=’d:\oracle\product\initdgtest.ora’
9. 启动standby database到recover manage模式sql>alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
switchover
在primary上
1. sql>select switchover_status from v$database switchover_status的值入股是to standby，可以直接switchover，如果是sessions active， 则需要在switchover的命令后面加上with session shutdown
2. sql>alter database commit to switchover to physical standby;
3. sql>shutdowm immediate;
4. sql>startup mount;
在standby上
1. sql> select switchover_status from v$database
switchover_status的值入股是to primary，可以直接switchover，如果是sessions active， 则需要在switchover的命令后面加上with session shutdown
2. sql>alter database commit to switchover to primary;
3. sql>shutdown immediate;
4. sql>startup;
要想顺利的实现switchover，最好在每台server上都同时设置好primary和standby的一些初始化参数，虽然其中一些参数只有在primary或者standby其中之一上起作用
failover
在standby上
1. sql>alter database recover managed standby database finish; or sql>alter database recover managed standby database finish skip standby logfile;
2. sql>alter database commit to switchover to primary;
3. sql>shutdown immediate;
4. sql>startup;
相关视图
v$archive_dest
v$archive_dest_status v$log_history v$archvied_log v$managed_standby v$archive_gap
常见问题
1. 日志无法传送 sql>select dest_name,status,error from v$archive_dest; 察看相应的归档路径的状态是否valid，否则根据error信息进行处理
2. 无法使用alter database重命名data file在standby上，当设置standby_file_management为auto时，不允许下列操作alter database renamealter database add/drop logfilealter database add/drop standby logfile memberalter database create datafile as
3. switchover失败sql>alter database commit to switchover to physical standbyora-01093:alter database close only permitted with no session connected察看引起该错误的活动sessionsql> select sid,process,program from v$session where type=user and sid<>(select distinct sid from v$mystat);断开该session，或者使用如下命令来做switchoversql>lter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;
